Fumarate induces vesicular release of mtDNA to drive innate immunity

Nature, Published online: 08 March 2023; doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05770-w

Fumarate metabolism regulates the innate immune response through a mechanism in which high levels of fumarate result in the generation of mitochondrial-derived vesicles and the release of mitochondrial DNA into the cytosol, which activates inflammatory pathways.